Concrete Wall Results

Concrete wall results are presented in the “Wall Panel Design” spreadsheet on the Concrete tabs, the “Concrete Reinforcing” spreadsheet on the Concrete Wall tab and the Detail Reports. Results are reported on a region by region basis.

Design Spreadsheet Results

The Wall Panel Design spreadsheet contains two tabs that involve concrete wall design: Concrete In and Concrete Out. Each tab gives code checks based on the chosen concrete code and can be used as a summary of all of the walls and wall regions in your model. To get detailed information about each region, you can see the Wall Panel Detail Report.

Note:

Concrete lintel results are not given in the output spreadsheets because the program analyzes them without designing. You must go to the detail report to see lintel analysis results.
If a wall panel is set to Transfer forces, then regions above and below opening will not have results. See the Concrete Wall - Design Rules topic for more information.

In Plane

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The Concrete In tab provides in plane code checks and capacities relevant to the in plane behavior of the wall.

ConcreteWall Spreadsheet - In Plane

Column	Description
Wall Panel	The Wall Panel column displays the concrete wall panels defined in the model.
Region	The Region column lists the concrete wall panel region that the results are based on.
Max UC	The Max UC column shows the maximum code check due to axial force plus in-plane bending.
LC	The LC column adjacent to the Max UC column, shows the load combination that produces each of the highest code check values.
Shear UC	The Shear UC column shows the in-plane shear code check. A value greater than 1.0 for any of these values would indicate failure.
LC	The LC column adjacent to the Shear UC column, shows the load combination that produces each of the highest code check values.
Pn*Phi	The PnPhi reports the axial capacity of the wall. Note:* An NC means that the axial force in the wall is less than the threshold value, so the axial force is not considered.
Mn*Phi	The Mn*Phi column shows the calculated in plane moment capacity for the region.
Vn*Phi	The Vn*Phi column shows the calculated in plane shear capacity for the region.

Out of Plane

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Note: An NC means that the bending moment in the wall is less than the threshold value, so the axial force is not considered.

The Concrete Out tab provides out of plane code checks and capacities relevant to the out of plane behavior of the wall. See the following table for description of the data in each column.

Concrete Wall Spreadsheet - Out of Plane

Column	Description
Wall Panel	The Wall Panel column displays the concrete wall panels defined in the model.
Region	The Region column lists the concrete wall panel region that the results are based on.
Max UC	The Max UC column shows the code check due to axial force plus out of plane bending.
LC	The LC column adjacent to the Max UC column, shows the load combination that produces each of the highest code check values.
Shear UC	The Shear UC column shows the out of plane shear code check. A value greater 1.0 for any of these values would indicate failure.
LC	The LC column adjacent to the Shear UC column, shows the load combination that produces each of the highest code check values.
Pn*Phi	The PnPhi reports the axial capacity of the wall. Note:* An NC means that the axial force in the wall is less than the threshold value, so the axial force is not considered.
Mn*Phi	The MnPhi reports the calculated out of plane moment capacity for the region. Note:* An NC means that the bending moment in the wall is less than the threshold value, so the axial force is not considered.
Vn*Phi	The Vn*Phi reports the calculated out of plane shear capacity for the region.

Reinforcing Spreadsheet Results

The Concrete Wall tab contains reinforcement results for each region in a concrete wall panel.

Note: If a wall panel is set to Transfer forces, then regions above and below opening will not have results. See the Concrete Wall - Design Rules topic for more information.

Concrete Wall

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The Concrete Wall tab displays the thickness, horizontal and vertical reinforcement sizes, and spacing for each region in the concrete wall.

Detail Reports

The detail reports show the overall geometry, analysis, and design for the individual regions/stories of the wall panel. The report also shows envelope diagrams for the forces and moments in the region.

Three basic types of detail reports are provided: Wall Summary, Region and Opening.

Accessing the Detail Reports and the Specific Windows

Once you have a solved model, the detail reports become available using either of the following methods:

If you have the Wall Panel Design spreadsheet open, right-click on a wall panel row and choose Detail Report from the menu that appears.
If you are in a graphic view of your model, click the button on the Selection toolbar and then click on a wall panel.

Note: If a wall panel is set to Transfer forces, then regions above and below opening do not have results. See the Concrete Wall - Design Rules topic for more information.

Once the detail report window is open, you will see a dialog area at the top.

The following table describes the options that control the display of the Detail Report.

Detail Report Control Options

Option	Name	Description
	Prior/Next	The left and right arrows let you scroll quickly between the different wall panels in your model.
	Wall Panel Part	The first drop-down list lets you choose between individual Region and Opening (Lintel) results and a summary of the entire Wall.
or	Regions/Headers	The second drop-down list lets you select between different Regions or Openings within the individual wall panel. “R” represents regions, while “L” represents levels (headers). The is available only when ‘Opening’ or ‘Region’ is chosen in the Wall Panel Part drop-down.
	In/Out Plane	If you have selected a Region, then you have the option of whether to view the in plane or out of plane report. The is available only when ‘Region’ is chosen in the Wall Panel Part drop-down.
The following options can be found at the bottom of the Detail Report window.
	Print	Lets you print the Detail Report.
	Add to Full Report	Lets you add the current detail report you are viewing to the printed report. View the Printing topic for more information.

Wall Report

This report provides an overview of the wall, a summary of the controlling code checks and deflection information. This report also displays information about the wall, similar to the Region Input Echo and also gives an image of the wall. The image shows region locations, wall length and story dimensions, and the nodes that define the corners of the wall panel.

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The Region Results section gives the tabulated results of all regions in the wall for in plane design axial/bending, shear and deflection for quick reference. You can view the individual region reports to get a more detailed explanation of these values.

The Reinforcement Results section gives the reinforcement results for each region in the wall.

Region Report - In Plane

This window gives information for your wall on a region by region basis. The Region detail report is split into five portions: input echo, diagrams and design, wall section properties, interaction diagrams and cross section detailing.

Note: In RISAFloor, the detail reports are less detailed because RISAFloor does not consider lateral forces.

Input Echo

Below is the input echo portion of the detail report.

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Criteria	Description
Code	Gives the code used to design the wall.
Design Rule	Gives the design rule used to design reinforcement and cover for the wall.
Loc of r/f	States whether reinforcement is defined at each face of the wall or centered.
Outer Bars	States whether the outer bar in the wall is vertical or horizontal.
Bar Size	States the bar size for both horizontal and vertical reinforcement.
Bar Spacing	States the bar spacing for both horizontal and vertical reinforcement.
Group Wall?	States whether the regions in the wall are grouped or not. See the Concrete Wall - Design Rules topic for more information.

Materials	Description
Material Set	States the Material used for the design of the wall.
Concrete f'c	States the compressive strength of the concrete.
Concrete E	States the modulus of elasticity of the concrete.
Concrete G	States the shear modulus of the concrete.
Conc Density	States the unit density of concrete used for self-weight calculations.
Lambda	States the lightweight concrete factor for shear design.
Conc Str Blk	States whether a rectangular (Whitney's) or parabolic stress block was used.
Bar Fy	States the reinforcement strength for both vertical and horizontal bars
Steel E	States the modulus of elasticity for reinforcement.

Geometry	Description
Wall Dimensions	States the height, length, and thickness of the wall panel region.
Cover Dimensions	States the interior, exterior, and edge reinf. cover dimensions.
K	States the effective length factor which is used in determining slenderness of the wall.
Use Cracked?	States whether a wall is considered to be cracked or not. Defines whether or not to use cracking in the determination of the moment of inertia.
Icr Factor	States the factor that Igross is multiplied by to get the cracked moment of inertia. This defaults to 0.7 for in plane and 0.35 for out of plane.

Diagrams and Design

In Plane

Out of Plane

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Envelope Diagrams

These diagrams show the axial forces, in-plane shear, and in-plane moments of the wall region, as well as the maximum and minimum forces and their locations. The results give an envelope solution of all load combinations .

Because the enveloped results displayed are always the maximum values and because axial and bending forces are checked per their combined effects, the forces in the envelope diagrams won't necessarily be the forces that the wall region is designed to. For example, if there is a high bending moment at the top of a wall region and a high axial force at the base of the wall region, the program will do a check at each location up the wall region, considering the shear and moment at that location for THAT load combination. Thus, the maximum axial force given at the location of maximum bending may NOT be the axial force for the LC that produced the maximum bending.

Code Check Summary

This portion of the report gives the capacity and strength values at the section in the wall region where the combined check is maximum, as well as the governing load combination. Much of this information is also reported in the Concrete Wall Panel Design spreadsheets.

Axial/Bending Details

The axial and bending capacity are based upon an interaction diagram for the wall region. See below for interaction diagram information. The program computes the code check based on making a straight line through the origin, the moment/axial force demand location and where that line crosses the interaction diagram curve.

For the out of plane report there is the possibility of different cover spacing at each face of the wall region. Therefore the program reports capacities for each face of the wall region. The capacity at the exterior face means that reinforcement at the exterior face of the wall is in tension and vice-versa for the interior face.

Note: The program considers walls to act completely separately in the out of plane direction from the in plane direction. Any out of plane/in plane interaction will need to be taken into account by hand.

Shear Details

The shear details section gives the shear demand required in the wall region. The in plane shear strength of the concrete and steel are listed separately, along with the code-prescribed maximum allowed shear. For out of plane shear design, the simplified equation will be used. For more information on shear capacity of concrete walls, see the Concrete Wall - Design topic.

Deflections

The deflection listed in the detail report is based on the finite element analysis of plate elements. This deflection agrees well with beam theory, thus can be calculated based on beam equations.

Note:

If the deflection ratio is larger than L/10000, then L/10000 will be reported.
If you are checking a hand calculation for in plane deflections, be sure to include the deflection due to shear and consider the cracked moment of inertia.

Wall Section Properties

This section reports the properties used to calculate the wall capacities. The reinforcement details (minimums and provided area) are reported.

Slender Wall Considerations (P-Little Delta)

ACI 318-14 Section 6.6.4.5 (ACI 318-11 Section 10.10.6) considers moment magnification of non-sway frames. This is essentially the P-little delta effect in the form of an amplified moment due to the effects of element curvature, M_c. This moment replaces the actual demand moment in design checks. For more information on this see the Concrete Wall - Design topic.

Note:

M_act is the actual demand moment in the wall from analysis. The program compares this to the M_2min moment, calculated per ACI 318-14 section 6.6.4.5.4 (ACI 318-11 section 10.10.6.5), and uses the maximum as the M₂ moment.
Since the moment can be different positive or negative for out of plane bending, the program will provide an Interior and Exterior calculation in this case.
If the controlling load combination experiences tension, the Mc results will be suppressed and show N/A because tension would actually reduce the amplified moment.

Interaction Diagrams

The program uses a concrete solver to create the interaction diagram and uses this diagram to calculate the capacity of each wall region based on the demand axial force and moment. The program then computes the code check based on making a straight line through the origin, the moment/axial force demand location and where that line crosses the interaction diagram curve.

Cross Section Detailing

In Plane

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Out of Plane

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The last section of the detail report consists of a graphic cross-sectional view of the wall. This view gives cover dimensions, reinforcement size and spacing, and the wall thickness for placement verification.

Concrete Lintel Report

Lintels - Criteria / Materials / Geometry

The right section of the detail report echoes back the basic input parameters (Criteria, Materials, Geometry) entered by the user. An example is shown below:

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Since the lintel is not being designed, much of this information is not used but is displayed for reference.

Information	Description
Valid Region	This is the region that the forces are being considered over. The program will sum forces of the region directly above the opening and the forces given in the detail report come from this portion of the wall.
Total Height	This is the height of the region above the opening that forces are being reported for.
Total Length	This is the width of the opening that the lintel is spanning.
Thickness	This is the thickness of the wall.
Other Information	All of the other information is general information for the overall wall.

Lintel Detail Reports - Diagrams

The left section of the detail report provides the enveloped axial, shear and moment diagrams over the length of the lintel. These can be viewed for both in and out of plane forces and are the "beam" forces for the lintel.